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Religion in South Korea
Religion in South Korea is characterized by the fact that almost half (46.5%) of South Koreans have no religion; among those that follow a formal religion, there is a dominance of Buddhism, Protestantism, and Roman Catholicism. According to the census of the year 2005, 22.8% of the population identifies as Buddhist, 18.3% as Protestant and 10.9% as Roman Catholic, totaling a 29.2% Christian population.〔 These three denominations have grown rapidly in influence only by the mid-20th century, as part of the profound transformations that the South Korean society has gone through in the past century.〔Pyong Gap Min, 2014.〕
Korea entered the 20th century with almost the totality of its population believing in the native shamanic religion and practicing Confucian rites and ancestral worship.〔 Korean Buddhism, despite its long history and cultural influence, at the dawn of the 20th century was moribund, reduced to a tiny minority after 500 years of suppression by the strictly Neo-Confucian Joseon kingdom,〔 which also disregarded traditional cults.〔Joon-sik Choi, 2006. p. 15〕 Communities of Christians already existed prior to the 1880s, when the crumbling Joseon state and its intelligentsia endorsed a large influx of Catholic and especially Protestant missionaries from the West.〔Grayson, 2002. pp. 155-157〕 The King of Korea himself and his family tacitly supported Christianity.〔Grayson, 2002. p. 158〕 During World War II the already formed link of Christianity with Korean nationalism was strengthened.〔Grayson, 2002. pp. 158-161〕
With the division of Korea into two states in 1945, the communist north and the anti-communist south, the bulk of the Korean Christian population that had been until then in the northern half of the peninsula,〔Grayson, 2002. p. 158, p. 162〕 fled to South Korea.〔Grayson, 2002. p. 163〕 Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the South Korean state enacted measures to defeat the worship of gods which facilitated the spread of Christianity and Buddhism.〔Kendall, 2010. pp. 4-17〕 According to scholars, South Korean censuses do not count believers in Korean shamanism and underestimate the number of adherents of shamanic-derived folk religions.〔Baker, 2008. pp. 4-5〕 For instance, statistics compiled by the ARDA〔(The Association of Religion Data Archives )〕 estimate that as of 2010, 14.7% of South Koreans practice ethnic religion, 14.2% adhere to new movements, and 10.9% practice Confucianism.〔Association of Religion Data Archives: (South Korea: Religious Adherents, 2010 ). Data from the World Christian Database.〕
==Demographics==
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